مجله مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش علوم پزشکی یزد
سال هفدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1401)

Evidence-based medicine can increase the clinical performance of physicians. This qualitative study was conducted with the aim of examining the effective factors for using new evidence by emergency medicine residents in Rasoul Akram and Haftam Tir Hospitals in Tehran, Iran.

The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in the year 2016 in two hospitals In Tehran. In order to conduct this qualitative study, residents were selected by purposive sampling. The data was collected during 18 in-depth individual interviews and the categories and themes of the effective factors in the use of new evidence were extracted using conventional content analysis.

Participants were introduced to medical evidence through text books, attending workshops, faculty classes, attending conferences, or through friends. Evidence-based medicine consists of factors such as: physician incentive factors, patient incentive factors, factors in favor of scientific facts, environmental-cultural incentives and moral incentives, and among the inhibitory factors discouraging the use of evidence based medicine are factors that influence physician and patient, environmental-cultural inhibitors and social inhibitors.

There seems to be a positive attitude among residents towards the use of evidence-based medicine, but there are still several obstacles to its implementation in society. Structural and individual factors and policy-making are the most important determining factors in its implementation in Iran.

Today, peer education programs focus on scientific support, guiding and creating interaction between students has been considered to model students' scientific progress. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of medical students from implementing the peer program as a mentor using a qualitative framework.

The present study is a qualitative study of the type of contractual content analysis with code of ethics IR.NASRME.REC.1400.067. The participants were selected by purposive sampling method with maximum diversity approach, including 30 medical students and 13 peers as mentors from 94 to 1400 entries. Qualitative data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The duration of the interviews was between 45-60 minutes.

In total, 24 girls (55.8 percent) and 19 boys (44.2 percent) students participated in this study. From the total interviews conducted, 267 open codes, 5 categories and 2 main themes were extracted. The main topics and classes include "Peer as mentor program; a need-based approach" with the sub-themes of facilitating the learning process, accelerating the achievement of goals and developing communication skills, and "The need to promote the peer as mentor program" with the sub-themes of the need to strengthen the infrastructure and the necessity of reviewing the standards related to the selection of the group leader.

The findings of the study showed that the process of the peer training program as a mentor is accompanied by challenges, but it can facilitate, increase theoretical and practical learning, as well as develop the communication skills of medical students.

Clerkship in field is one of the important educational programs in the field of laboratory sciences and providing opportunities for students to learn in clerkship, improved the quality of health services. The aim of this study was to design a structured microbiology clerkship program from the perspective of case based discussion method among laboratory science students.

This was a single-group intervention study. The participants were from the field of laboratory sciences who participated in clerkship courses (99 participats). Educational intervention based on case-based discussion was designed as a formative evaluation method. Learners' performance was evaluated using a checklist in the stationary test and the students’ satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential tests.

The students' learning scores after the intervention were in desirable level. The highest learning score related to blood culture evaluation was 8.04±1.54 and the lowest score related to wound culture evaluation was 6.26±1.78. There was no significant difference between the satisfaction scores of the course and the performance evaluation scores of students according to academic year. But the performance of senior year students was significantly better and the students’ satisfaction scores were significantly high and at a good level.

Using the discussion-based teaching method in the clerkship course increased the students' learning and this method can be effective in increasing the skills and learning of the trainees in the field. It is suggested the case based discussion was used in the instructional design of clerkship courses.

Knowledge management as a new subject has created a new approach to facilitating education and research in the higher education system. University graduates need to enter the world with the tools to play a role before they go to work, which is considered imperative in knowledge management. The purpose of this study was to survey the effectiveness of the PhD. curriculum to create knowledge management capabilities from the point of view of graduate students in Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

This study incorporated a descriptive cross-sectional approach. The research sample included Ph.D. graduates from various fields of basic medical sciences at Tehran University (107 participants). Data collection was via a researcher-made questionnaire constructed based on the components of Bukowitz and Williams’s model, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The SPSS version 22 statistical software was used for data analysis.

The findings of this research showed that the average score of knowledge management in courses from the graduate students’ view is higher than the theoretical average. In addition, the highest average is related to knowledge contribution (3.2), and the lowest is related to knowledge assessment (2.69).

The effectiveness of PhD. courses in creating knowledge management capabilities from the graduate students’ view was higher than the theoretical average. However, it did not have a favorable outcome in some components; therefore, extensive planning and attention is necessary, particularly in terms of knowledge assessment and elimination.

Paying attention to different aspects of students' mental health paves the way for their academic achievement, at the same time, self-confidence and stress in students are very important aspects in academic performance and other aspects of their lives. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between self confidence and stress in students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2019.

In this study, 348 students were included. Due to the prevalence of corona virous and lack of face-to-face contact with students, data were collected through the Gadzell Student Stress Questionnaire (51 questions) and the Moradi Confidence Questionnaire, which has 30 questions designed by google form. SPSS software and t-test, analysis of variance and correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.

The mean age of the subjects was 21.34 years with a standard deviation of 1.74 years. In terms of gender, 68.8% were female and the rest were male. Based on the results, a significant relationship was observed between self-confidence and gender and college. Based on the correlation coefficient test, a positive correlation was observed between r and stress (r = 0.431 and p = 0.001).

Students who have a higher level of self-confidence have lower levels of stress, therefore, their stress level can be reduced by strengthening students 'self-confidence, and therefore, holding courses to increase students' self-confidence. It is useful.

One of the educational practices in medical knowledge, Clinical and hospital methods, is Dar al-Hekmeh and Self-reading Style. This method has a fascinating history; in fact, its formation was due to the religious restrictions of scholars of Hanafi jurisprudence in schools and mosques In Transoxiana region during the Samanids (874-1004 CE).

Scrutinizing works which concern Iran civilization including primary written resources as well as newly conducted studies, not only did the present research attempt to investigate this important historical era but it also aimed to present the general scheme of medical education in the way of self-reading of during the Samanids through categorizing the garnered information.

Contrary to the notion that the creation of this constraint caused scientific stagnation, by examining and summarizing the existing material, but this limitation has deepened the medical knowledge. Even this has led to the development of equipped libraries and the access of scholars of science and doctors to these libraries, and this ultimately led to the study and research many books and writing useful books on medicine and pharmacy.

A fleeting glimpse at medical education or other various methods existing in the era of Islamic Civilization reveals the importance this teaching procedure assumed in during the Samanids, whose considerable attention to the subject of medical education for Clinical and hospital methods, Dar al-Hekmeh and Self-reading Style expanded its influence in other parts of the world, thereby fundamentally evolving methods and mechanisms employed in history of the world so as to teach medical sciences.

The inter-disciplinary approach in education includes the integration of educational capacities and competencies of different disciplines for a specific purpose or creating a new product with appropriate methodological techniques to improve knowledge and acquire competencies. In fact, the starting point of convergence of sciences is turning to an interdisciplinary approach. Convergence of sciences provides the integration of competencies specified in different professions and sciences, taking into account professional standards and the latest technological trends.پIn this letter we describe our experience of a cooperative learning team consisted of 12 under-graduate and post-graduate students from various medical sciences, engineering and art discipline who were successful in designing and launching a health promotion mobile application called HOMATAB.

Program evaluation is an important part of any educational system and provides very useful information on how to design and implement educational programs  A comprehensive program evaluation can inform the policymakers about the effectiveness of the training and provides feedback that can be effective in achieving the desired goals.